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.\" $FreeBSD: head/share/man/man9/pfil.9 254825 2013-08-25 06:58:51Z joel $
.\"
.Dd August 23, 2013
.Dt PFIL 9
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm pfil ,
.Nm pfil_head_register ,
.Nm pfil_head_unregister ,
.Nm pfil_head_get ,
.Nm pfil_add_hook ,
.Nm pfil_remove_hook ,
.Nm pfil_run_hooks ,
.Nm pfil_rlock ,
.Nm pfil_runlock ,
.Nm pfil_wlock ,
.Nm pfil_wunlock
.Nd packet filter interface
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In sys/param.h
.In sys/mbuf.h
.In net/if.h
.In net/pfil.h
.Bd -literal
typedef int (*pfil_func_t)(void *arg, struct mbuf **mp, struct ifnet *, int dir, struct inpcb);
.Ft int
.Fn pfil_head_register "struct pfil_head *head"
.Ft int
.Fn pfil_head_unregister "struct pfil_head *head"
.Ft "struct pfil_head *"
.Fn pfil_head_get "int af" "u_long dlt"
.Ft void
.Fn pfil_add_hook "pfil_func_t" "void *arg" "int flags" "struct pfil_head *"
.Ft void
.Fn pfil_remove_hook "pfil_func_t" "void *arg" "int flags" "struct pfil_head *"
.Ft int
.Fn pfil_run_hooks "struct pfil_head *head" "struct mbuf **mp" "struct ifnet *" "int dir" "struct inpcb *"
.Ft void
.Fn pfil_rlock "struct pfil_head *" "struct rm_priotracker *"
.Ft void
.Fn pfil_runlock "struct pfil_head *" "struct rm_priotracker *"
.Ft void
.Fn pfil_wlock "struct pfil_head *"
.Ft void
.Fn pfil_wunlock "struct pfil_head *"
.Ed
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
framework allows for a specified function to be invoked for every
incoming or outgoing packet for a particular network I/O stream.
These hooks may be used to implement a firewall or perform packet
transformations.
.Pp
Packet filtering points are registered with
.Fn pfil_head_register .
Filtering points are identified by a key
.Pq Vt "void *"
and a data link type
.Pq Vt int
in the
.Vt pfil_head
structure.
Packet filters use the key and data link type to look up the filtering
point with which they register themselves.
The key is unique to the filtering point.
The data link type is a
.Xr bpf 4
DLT constant indicating what kind of header is present on the packet
at the filtering point.
Each filtering point uses common per-VNET rmlock by default.
This can be changed by specifying
.Vt PFIL_FLAG_PRIVATE_LOCK
as
.Vt "flags"
field in the
.Vt pfil_head
structure.
Note that specifying private lock can break filters sharing the same
ruleset and/or state between different data link types.
Filtering points may be unregistered with the
.Fn pfil_head_unregister
function.
.Pp
Packet filters register/unregister themselves with a filtering point
with the
.Fn pfil_add_hook
and
.Fn pfil_remove_hook
functions, respectively.
The head is looked up using the
.Fn pfil_head_get
function, which takes the key and data link type that the packet filter
expects.
Filters may provide an argument to be passed to the filter when
invoked on a packet.
.Pp
When a filter is invoked, the packet appears just as if it
.Dq came off the wire .
That is, all protocol fields are in network byte order.
The filter is called with its specified argument, the pointer to the
pointer to the
.Vt mbuf
containing the packet, the pointer to the network
interface that the packet is traversing, and the direction
.Dv ( PFIL_IN
or
.Dv PFIL_OUT )
that the packet is traveling.
The filter may change which mbuf the
.Vt "mbuf\ **"
argument references.
The filter returns an error (errno) if the packet processing is to stop, or 0
if the processing is to continue.
If the packet processing is to stop, it is the responsibility of the
filter to free the packet.
.Pp
Every filter hook is called with
.Nm
read lock held.
All heads uses the same lock within the same VNET instance.
Packet filter can use this lock instead of own locking model to
improve performance.
Since
.Nm
uses
.Xr rmlock 9
.Fn pfil_rlock
and
.Fn pfil_runlock
require
.Va struct rm_priotracker
to be passed as argument.
Filter can acquire and release writer lock via
.Fn pfil_wlock
and
.Fn pfil_wunlock
functions.
See
.Xr rmlock 9
for more details.
.Sh FILTERING POINTS
Currently, filtering points are implemented for the following link types:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "AF_INET6" -offset XXX -compact
.It AF_INET
IPv4 packets.
.It AF_INET6
IPv6 packets.
.It AF_LINK
Link-layer packets.
.El
.Sh RETURN VALUES
If successful,
.Fn pfil_head_get
returns the
.Vt pfil_head
structure for the given key/dlt.
The
.Fn pfil_add_hook
and
.Fn pfil_remove_hook
functions
return 0 if successful.
If called with flag
.Dv PFIL_WAITOK ,
.Fn pfil_remove_hook
is expected to always succeed.
.Pp
The
.Fn pfil_head_unregister
function
might sleep!
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr bpf 4 ,
.Xr if_bridge 4 ,
.Xr rmlock 9
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
interface first appeared in
.Nx 1.3 .
The
.Nm
input and output lists were originally implemented as
.In sys/queue.h
.Dv LIST
structures;
however this was changed in
.Nx 1.4
to
.Dv TAILQ
structures.
This change was to allow the input and output filters to be processed in
reverse order, to allow the same path to be taken, in or out of the kernel.
.Pp
The
.Nm
interface was changed in 1.4T to accept a 3rd parameter to both
.Fn pfil_add_hook
and
.Fn pfil_remove_hook ,
introducing the capability of per-protocol filtering.
This was done primarily in order to support filtering of IPv6.
.Pp
In 1.5K, the
.Nm
framework was changed to work with an arbitrary number of filtering points,
as well as be less IP-centric.
.Pp
Fine-grained locking was added in
.Fx 5.2 .
.Nm
lock export was added in
.Fx 10.0 .
.Sh BUGS
When a
.Vt pfil_head
is being modified, no traffic is diverted
(to avoid deadlock).
This means that traffic may be dropped unconditionally for a short period
of time.
.Fn pfil_run_hooks
will return
.Er ENOBUFS
to indicate this.